| The ren'youkei conjugation is used to combine verbs and is the
basis for most extensions like the -te form and the past tense.
The ren'youkei has many contraction which is why the ren'youkei
is often hard to identify. If you cannot identify the conjugation
from the five main conjugations, chances are that it is a contraction
with the ren'youkei.
The ren'youkei can also be used to make nouns out of verbs and
to combine two sentences.
| |
引く |
ひく |
hiku |
to pull |
| |
出す |
だす |
dasu |
to take out |
| |
引き出し |
ひきだし |
hikidashi |
a pull and take out → a drawer |
| |
| |
弟は琢郎と言い兄は太郎と言います。 (Otouto wa Takurou to ii
ani wa Tarou to iimasu.)
My younger brother is called Takuro and my older brother Taro. |
| |
Ren'youkei conjugations
Group 2
conjugations |
 |
to eat |
|
to see |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
食べる
taberu |
|
見る
miru |
|
| Ren'youkei |
|
食べ
tabe |
|
見
mi |
| |
Group 4
conjugations |
|
to write |
|
to buy |
|
to wait |
|
to lend |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
書く
kaku |
|
買う
kau |
|
待つ
matsu |
|
貸す
kasu |
|
| Ren'youkei |
|
書き
kaki |
|
買い
kai |
|
待ち
machi |
|
貸し
kashi |
| |
Irregular
verbs |
|
to do |
|
to come |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
する
suru |
|
来る
kuru |
|
| Ren'youkei |
|
し
shi |
|
来
ki |
| |
Irregular
conjugations |
|
to speak |
|
to give |
|
to do |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
仰る
ossharu |
|
下さる
kudasaru |
|
為さる
nasaru |
|
| Ren'youkei |
|
仰い
osshai |
|
下さい
kudasai |
|
為さい
nasai |
| |
Irregular
conjugations |
|
there is/are / to come / to go
(living beings) |
|
there is/are
(objects) |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
いらっしゃる
irassharu |
|
御座る
gozaru |
|
| Ren'youkei |
|
いらっしゃい
irasshai |
|
御座い
gozai |
| |
| Verbal adjectives |
|
to be large |
|
to be new |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
大きい
ookii |
|
新しい
atarashii |
|
| Ren'youkei |
|
大きく
ookiku |
|
新しく
atarashiku |
| |
| Verbal adjective |
|
to be good
(irregular) |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
いい/良い
ii / yoi |
|
| Ren'youkei |
|
よく/良く
yoku |
| |
The Ren'youkei and extensions
The ren'youkei can be combined with the following extensions. In
some cases contractions occur. Click the links to get detailed information
on how they are used.
Ren'youkei
+ える (eru)
Ren'youkei
+ そう (sou)
Ren'youkei
+ た (ta)
Ren'youkei
+ たい (tai)
Ren'youkei
+ たら (tara)
Ren'youkei
+ たり (tari)
Ren'youkei
+ っぱなし (ppanashi)
Ren'youkei
+ たろう (tarou)
Ren'youkei
+ て (te)
Ren'youkei
+ な (na)
Ren'youkei
+ ながら (nagara)
Ren'youkei
+ ます (masu)
Special combinations with
the ren'youkei and other verbs
When combined with certain verbs special meanings are associated
to the main verb. |
| |
| Ren'youkei + 込む (komu): to insert |
| |
| 書き込む |
かきこむ |
kakikomu |
to fill out (a form) |
(書く/kaku = to write) |
| 取り込む |
とりこむ |
torikomu |
to be busy |
(取る/toru = to take) |
| 乗り込む |
のりこむ |
norikomu |
to board (a train) |
(乗る/noru = to ride) |
| 振り込む |
ふりこむ |
furikomu |
to transfer (money) |
(振る/furu = to shake) |
| |
| Ren'youkei + 過ぎる (sugiru): "too" or
to overdo something |
| |
| 飲み過ぎる |
のみすぎる |
nomisugiru |
to drink too much |
(飲む/nomu = to drink) |
| 高すぎる* |
たかすぎる |
takasugiru |
to be too expensive |
(高い/takai = to be expensive) |
| |
| * Note that when
combining sugiru with verbal adjectives the い (i) is dropped
instead of using the ren'youkei. |
| |
| Ren'youkei + 過ごす (sugosu): to do something too
long |
| |
| 寝過ごす |
ねすごす |
nesugosu |
to oversleep |
(寝る/neru = to sleep) |
| 乗り過ごす |
のりすごす |
norisugosu |
to miss your stop |
(乗る/noru = to ride) |
| |
| Many more exist, when encountering combinations
of verbs you should always consult a dictionary. |
|
